1.Tool 1700 just as Joseph Pitton de Tournefort The tool was constituted by leather leads by the season of Pedanios Dioskurides 1 century AC. and in order that describes the French botanist in his travel in Crete in 1700.
In Sises exist big regions, where they flourish exclusively Cistus Creticus. ONLY THOSE THAT HAVE MAUVE flowers, produce labdanum. This regions are named labdanum place.
In the dues of roughly May each year, as soon as it begins that is to say the heat of summertime, Cistus Creticus are ready in order to begins the meditation labdanum. In order to we collect the labdanum from plant, we use a ladanesterio, a manufacture by timber that above we have tied up her plastic leads. Striking these leads on t o plant, plastic gathers the “sweat of” seces. This sweat when congeal and it becomes black.
In order to it is gathered labdanum it should it makes heat and it has sunlight. When it is gathered labdanum by a plant, is needed one-one-two days in order to introduce the characteristic sweat, that is to say the liquid of Cistus Creticus that is become labdanum. The work of meditation labdanum is very tedious and laborious, because labdanum men it should it goes up and down in the mountains in the heat and in very big temperature.
After finish the meditation labdanum and the light blue leads of a ladanesterio, they have blackened, that is to say the sweat of Cistus Creticus it has congeal then it should we take from the leads labdanum. Consequently we leave ladanesterio, enough hour under the sun in order to become soft the black pastry that is found on the leads.
The last stage of meditation labdanum is we take him above the ladanesterio. With the labdanum men we tighten lead and pulling, we gather labdanum. When it passes few hour the material that we gather, it becomes In order to we clean strap of ladanesterio and we gather labdanum, we use labdanum men. Labdanum men usually is combination from two locks.
Labdanum is a sticky brown resin obtained from the Cistus Incanus Creticus. It has a long history of use in herbal medicine and as a perfume ingredient.
Goats with labdanum
History
In ancient times, the resin was scraped from the fur of goats and sheep that had grazed on the cistus shrubs. It was collected by the shepherds and sold to coastal traders. The false beards worn by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were actually the labdanum soaked hair of these goats. Later long poles with leather or cloth strips were used to sweep the shrubs and collect the resin which was later extracted. It was used to treat colds, coughs, menstrual problems and rheumatism.
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Ladanum oder Laudanum ist ein Harz, das im Mittelmeergebiet aus verschiedenen Arten von Zistrosen gewonnen wird. Im Sommer tritt unter Sonneneinwirkung das ölige Harz aus den Blättern und Zweigen, als würde die Pflanze schwitzen.
Schon im Alten Ägypten war Labdanum sehr beliebt. Das Harz wurde unter anderem auch als Räucherwerk verwendet. Wegen seines ambra-artigen, balsamischen, trocken-holzigen Duftes wird es heute auch als Rohstoff für die Parfumindustrie verwendet.
Die Bezeichnung Labdanum hat ihren Ursprung im syrisch-phönizischen Sprachraum. Dort wurde die Pflanze als "Ladan" (klebriges Kraut) bezeichnet. Es wurde zur Schönheitspflege sowie als Heilmittel benutzt.
In der Antike wurde vor allem das Harz der Kretischen Zistrose (Cistus creticus) verwendet. Zu dieser Zeit wurden zur Gewinnung des Harzes Ziegen durch die Sträucher getrieben. Anschließend wurde das an den Haaren klebengebliebene Harz herausgekämmt und zu Klumpen gepresst.
Heute wird es meist aus der Lack-Zistrose (Cistus ladanifer) gewonnen. Diese produziert bedeutend mehr Harz und kommt nur im westlichen Mittelmeergebiet (Südfrankreich, Spanien, Portugal, Marokko) vor.
Gomme résine aromatique fournie par quelques plantes et principalement par le ciste de Crète. Les Égyptiens récoltent le ladanum en frappant l’arbrisseau avec des lanières de cuir. La masse noire et visqueuse ainsi recueillie est employée en médecine comme stimulant ainsi qu’en parfumerie.
Α solvent such as hexane or supercritical carbon dioxide is used to extract the oils. Extracts from hexane and other hydrophobic solvent are called concretes, which is a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil soluble) plant material.
The second step:
Prep for all highly fragrant, concretes contain large quantities of non-fragrant waxes and resins. As such another solvent, often ethyl alcohol, which only dissolves the fragrant low-molecular weight compounds, is used to extract the fragrant oil from the concrete. The alcohol is removed by a second distillation, leaving behind the absolute.
b.Modern method : CO2 Extraction
CO2 extracted oils are high quality oils extracted using carbon dioxide in liquid form, as the solvent. When carbon dioxide is converted to liquid by using low temperatures and high pressure, it becomes a very safe and effective solvent that allows all the desireable active constituents of a plant to be collected without the risk of heat degradation. Once the extraction is complete, the carbon dioxide is allowed to go back to its natural gaseous state, leaving behind only the extracted essence of the plant. CO2 extracted oils are the closest representation of the natural plant ever achieved.
Two types of oils are obtained using this method of extraction:
CO2 Selects:
Selects are oils which are extracted at lower pressures and contain only the volatile, CO2 soluble components. The heavier waxes, resins, and color compounds are left behind. The viscosity of a select oil is generally thick but pourable. These oils closely resemble steam distilled oils in composition, however, they may contain more volatile components that are not extracted during steam distillation.
CO2 Totals:
Totals are oil that are extracted at higher pressures and contain both the volatile and non-volatile CO2 soluble components of a plant. These oils contain the essential oil of the plant plus the heavier waxes, resins, color compounds, making them very similar to the plant itself. CO2 totals are generally thick and pasty but are soluble in essential oils and vegetable oils (although some may need gentle warming).
Products
DESCRIPTION : Labdanum is also known as the Rose of Sharon and is mentioned in the Bible in several locations. An essential oil of this plant is also produced. It is typically called Cistus essential oil. The most important for use in natural perfumery is Labdanum Absolute. Labdanum Absolute is refined from Labdanum Gum in a 2 step process. First a concrete is made using a solvent such as hexane or heptane. Next the Labdanam Absolute is extracted from the concrete. Labdanum Absolutes can vary dramatically depending on how they are extracted and by which solvents are used during the refinement process. The best Labdanum Absolutes are lighter in color, more pourable, more soluble in fixed oils, and blend with other essential oils
Labdanum concrete.
Labdanum concrete.
Labdanum Absolute
Labdanum Absolute.
In the same results we
reach if we cut branchs.
C) Solutions
1. With pure alcohol. 2.with olive oil.
a.With pure alcohol.
The laudanum is dissolved completely in alcohol.
b.with olive oil.
The laudanum is dissolved completely in olive oil.
c.Water.
Labdanum is dissolved more in water when we boil it.
